Vitamin B12

Cobalamin 🟢 Strong

Essential for blood and nerve function; deficiency common in vegans, elderly, and after GI surgery.

⚠ Absorption (PPI/metformin)See cautions below; consult your physician for specifics.

Reviewed by Dr. Sungwoong Jung · Last reviewed Jul 16, 2026

Key benefits

DNA synthesis, red-cell maturation

Maintains myelin

Methylation, homocysteine

How it works

Evidence

🟢 StrongStrong for correcting deficiency

🟡 Moderate / mixedLimited energy benefit if not deficient

The same nutrient can differ for "correcting deficiency" vs "general prevention."

Suggested use

High-dose oral/injection if deficient; recommended for vegans.

A general suggestion, not a prescription.

Cautions & interactions

Long-term metformin/PPI lowers absorption.

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Korea vs USA

🇰🇷 Korea

B-complex or standalone

🇺🇸 USA

methylcobalamin popular

References

NIH ODS — Vitamin B12 ↗

Grades/refs re-verified at each update (draft).

Folate Folate Essential for cell division and blood formation; key for preventing neural-tube defects around pregnancy. 🟢 Strong Women Iron Iron Essential for oxygen transport in red cells; especially important for menstruating and pregnant women. 🟢 Strong Blood B-complex B-complex A group of water-soluble coenzymes for energy metabolism, nerves, and blood. 🟢 Strong Energy·Cell

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Disclaimer — This content is for general information and suggestion only and does not replace medical diagnosis or treatment. Consult a doctor or pharmacist if you have a condition or take medication.